The people in this group provide direct patient care in specialized areas, usually at the request of primary caregivers. Some concentrate on helping patients regain or retain their ability to function with respect to daily activities (Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapy Practitioners) while others provide therapy to patients with problems in specific areas (Respiratory Therapists, Speech-Language Pathologists). While they exercise independent judgment, they also often provide services based on established and proven protocols. All are required to have bachelor’s or associate’s degrees; most also are required to have education and training at the postgraduate level.